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Outline for Beginners

Following is a speech outline for (EFL) novice debaters. Too much reliance on this may make your speech inflexible; still, the expressions and the speech flow below are the basic which every (EFL) debater should keep in mind.

■ 1.Greetings

Ladies and gentlemen

Thank you Mr. (Madam) speaker.

Mr./Madam chair, and members of this house.

■ 2.Presenting the motion and case

Motion

Today, we are going to debate on

./Today, we he the motion that

./Todays motion is that

Background information to the motion

Under the current situation, there are some problems in

/controversy over

The issue behind the motion is that

So, in this round, we are going to talk about how to solve the problem.

Defining the motion/Casing(Note: of course, this is mainly the task of the Prime Minister)

① However, this motion [has some vague points(words)/is not clear]. Therefore, I would like to define the motion.

② In this round, we will [define the word A as B/limit X to Y/focus on the case in

③ Therefore, our proposal is that

④ I will explain the mechanism of our proposal.

First,

.Second,

⑤ We he some conditions to our proposal.

First,

. Second,

■ 3.Showing the (government / opposition) stance (or team line) for the round.

We will propose you that

because

Our team line is that

The government / opposition side strongly believe (insist) that

■ 4.Presenting your speech outline and team allocation.

We he

points to support our proposal (argument). The first point is

, the second point is

, and the last point is

I will explain

.And my partner will explain

I will mainly talk about

. And my partner will talk about

■ 5.Refutation

Transition to refutation part

(Before we go on to our arguments / points/ substantive matters), let me refute back to the Gove

rnment / Opposition side. I he one / two / refutation.

Basics of refutation

① First / second / , they said

② But, it is (1. not relevant / 2. ).

③ That is because

(e.g. their argument is based on

wrong assumption / analysis /

misunderstanding)

1.not true5.the opposite

2.not always true

3.not significant

4.not relevant

■ 6.Explaining points.

① [Sign post (i.e. sign post, or simple key phrases that summarize the point).]

Our first (second / ) point is

② [Summary in one sentence]

It means that

/ On this point, I will explain that

③ [Reasoning (explanation on how one situation occurs, focusing on cause and effect)]

Let me explain how this will happen.

First,

. Then,

. / Under the status quo,

. After the plan adoption,

. /

As a result / Consequently / At the end of the day / Therefore

④ [Examples and Illustration]

For example,

. / Lets think about the case of

. /

Ladies and gentlemen, please imagine what could be happened if

⑤ [Significance / analysis / Relevancy to the stance, team line, or what you want to prove]

why this is important? This is because

This point is important if we think about the nature / role / first priority / of

What is the nature of

What is the role / top priority of

■ 7.Conclusion

SummarySpend approximately 30 seconds to summarize your speech.

In summary

/ Let me summarize what I he told you

/ In conclusion, we find that

Indication the end of your speech

For all these reasons, I beg to propose / oppose.

Because of these reasons, we strongly believe

Therefore, we believe that

Refutation

Refutation, which is to point out the weakness of the other sides arguments, can be formulated into six basic types as below:

1.not relevant

2.not true

3.not always true

4.not significant

5.alternative play

6.flip