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Violin 小提琴：A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics. 用弓演奏的一种弦乐器，具有在第五音的音程上调音的四根弦和不分格指板，形体较古提琴浅，音域、音色和强弱相当灵活。 Viola 中提琴：A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone. 提琴家族中的一种弦乐器，稍大于小提琴，调音比小提琴低五度，声音更为深沉、洪亮。

Cello 大提琴：A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass. 一种提琴类四弦乐器，音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。 Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司：The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C. 尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器，也常用于爵士乐合奏。

低音提琴通常被算作提琴类，定弦为第四级音，颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点。它有始于中音以下三个八度音阶的深度范围。 flute 长笛：A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown. 由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器，侧边有按键和指孔，靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口。

piccolo 短笛：A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute. 一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。 clarinet 单簧管：A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys. 单簧管，黑管一种管乐器，有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口，以指孔和键的方式演奏。 oboe 双簧管：A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound. 带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器，具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音。

English horn 英国管：A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth. 一种双簧的木制管乐器，类似于双簧管，但音高比双簧管低五度。 bassoon或fogotto 大管：A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe. 巴松管，低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器，有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连，这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度。

double bassoon 低音大管：The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon. 双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器，比低音管的音高低一个八度。 horn或French horn 圆号或法国圆号：A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell. 一种有活瓣的铜管乐器，从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音。

trumpet 小号：A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch. 一种高音铜管乐器，由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成，现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高。 cornet 短号：A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons. 号类的一种管乐器，有三个用活塞控制的栓塞。

trombone 长号：A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches. 一种铜管乐器，由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一个可滑动的U 形拉管，可发出不同音高的音。 tuba 大号：A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. 大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器。

harp 竖琴：An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers.一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器。 piano 钢琴：An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire...