初中第一英语知识点总结

[英语绕口令带音标]英语绕口令带音标【1】 Shut up the shutters and sit in the shop. 关上窗，坐在店里。 Selfish shellfish. 自私的水生有壳动物。 She said she should sit. 她说她应该坐下...+阅读

初中第一英语知识点总结【1】

1.一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday

I lee home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I dont want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?

2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele.

3)句型：

It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了该了

It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事

Id rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

I thought you might he some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：

一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含义：她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

(含义：她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)

注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

2)情态动词 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike?

3. used to / be used to

used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。

Mother used not to be so fetful.

Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)

be used to + doing：对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- Its 69568442.

A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。

4. 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first.

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

He is about to lee for Beijing.

注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

5. be going to / will

用于条件句时， be going to 表将来

will 表意愿

If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it a s soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

6. be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)

Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

7. 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词：e, go, arrive, lee, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train lees at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：

Here es the bus. = The bus is ing.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在时间或条件句中。

When Bill es (不是will e), ask him to wait for me.

Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

2016最新初中英语知识点汇总2016最新初中英语知识点汇总

I hope they he a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you lee the room.

11. 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I he visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. he been C. came D. am ing

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

(2) ---He you ____ been to our town before?

---No, its the first time I ___ here.

A. even, e B. even, he e C. ever, e D. ever, he e

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I he ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I he received his letter for a month.

(对)I hent received his letter for almost a month.

12. 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I he lived here for more than twenty years.

I he lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields he been opened up since 1976.

I he known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I he not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I he worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

13. since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

I he been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I he been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句

Great changes he taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we he been here.

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

被动语态的几种类型

1)主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如：

He saw her in the shop yesterday.

She was seen in the shop yesterday.

2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态

Li Lei ge me a chemistry book.

2016最新初中英语知识点汇总文章2016最新初中英语知识点汇总出自: .gkstk./article/wk-78500000757463 ，转载请保留此链接!

I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.

A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.

3)主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为

感官动词：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

-- I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

-- He was seen to play football on the playground.

若宾语补足语是带to的不定式，那么被动语态仍保留to:

Mother told me not to be late

I was told not to be late by mother.

5)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

6)表示据说或相信的词组

believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that 据说

It is reported that 据报道

It is believed that 大家相信

It is hoped that 大家希望

It is well known that 众所周知

It is thought that 大家认为

It is suggested that 据建议

It is taken granted that 被视为当然

It has been decided that 大家决定

It must be remember that务必记住的是

It is said that she will lee for Wuhan on Tuesday.

14. 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has pleted the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才

He didnt e back until ten oclock.

他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten oclock.

他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. he met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2.---Im sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. he been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现

15. 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose e dare demand desire determine expect elect endeor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3) 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider fet, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

2. 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge mand pel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，he。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first puter.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to he invented D. hing invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

2016最新初中英语知识点汇总初中辅导

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意：有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

16. 不定式作主语

1) Its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, fortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

Its so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) Its very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, bre, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

4. Its for sb.和 Its of sb.

1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

3) 祁使句(Imperative Sentence)

祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议，等等。祈使句的主语常被省略，因为这个主语很明确地是听话人you。当然，有时为了强调或表示某种感情，句子也会带上主语。

祈使句的谓语用动词原形;它的否定形式是句首用Dont + 动词原形，或是Not to + 动词原形。例如：

Be quiet , please ! (大家)请安静。

Stand up ! 起立!

Dont smoke in the office . 请不要在办公室吸烟。

Dont be standing in the rain . 别站在雨里。

Not to be careless when youre driving a car . 开车时不要粗心大意。

4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)

感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。这类句子中，有很多是由What或How引起的。What 用来强调名词，How则强调形容词、副词或动词。这类句子的构成只需将所强调或是说，所感叹的对象放到句首;句子无需倒装，句子要用正常语序。当然，如果不用这种句型，而句子(无论是那种句子)本身又表示了上述的种种情绪，那么该句也就成了感叹句。例如：

聚效

What a fine day it is today ! 今天天气多好啊!

How fine it is today ! 今天天气多好啊!

What a lovely son you he !你有个多可爱的儿子啊!

How lovely your son is ! 你的儿子多可爱

知识点总结【2】

顾名思义，名词指的是表示事物名称的词，分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词包括人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团地名等专有的名称，第一个字母大写，例如Lily，China，Sunday，The Times，Class One等。普通名词分为可数和不可数名词。可数名词表示一个的时候用单数形式，即原形，如a box. 表示一个以上用复数形式，如two boxes. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，表示数量时要借助于a piece of，a glass of，a cup of等短语，如two pieces of paper.

另外，名词中还涉及到名词所有格问题。名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是s所有格，常表示有生命的事物，如Anns book; 另一种是of所有格，常表示无生命的事物，如the door of the room.。

注意：

1. 可数名词复数的规则变化：一般情况下在词尾加 s.如map-maps以字母s，x，ch，sh等结尾的名词加es，如bus-buses，watch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es.例词：country-countries以 f/fe一般变 f/fe为v 加es，例词：leaf-lees，thief-thieves以 o结尾的名词加s或es.对于初中阶段，以 o结尾的表示有生命的名词加es，如 tomato-tomatoes;以 o结尾的表示无生命的名词加s ，如zoo-zoos.

2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化：常见的不规则变化名词有man-men，woman-women，child-children，ox-oxengoose-geese，tooth-teeth，foot-feet，penny-pence，mouse-miceChinese-Chinese等。

3. 以s结尾的名词复数，变所有格时在s后加，不以s 结尾的名词复数，在词尾加s。

常见考法

对于名词的考察，通常是以单项选择或词语运用形式考查名词词义及其用法，以及学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用名词的能力。

误区提醒准确使用名词所有格，尤其是作定语，关键是判断出所有关系。

准确使用专有名词，记住月份，星期，国名，语言，著名景点的名称，尤其注意首字母大写。

辨别并准确使用不可数名词、可数名词及其复数。

表示不可数名词的量，要注意用哪个量词及量词的单复数。

典型例题1：The doctor sed three _____ lives yesterday

A.childrens B. children C. child D. childs

解析：本题考查名词复数及所有格的用法。题中three决定了后面要用复数children，而children和lives 又构成所有关系三个孩子的生命，并且children不是以s结尾的名词复数，所以用child的复数所有格childrens.答案：A

典型例题2：-Would you like some drinks，boys ?