[小学英语五六年级三人对话关于暑假计划的]a:where are you going for your summer holidays? b:to my hometown i'mgoing to stay with my uncle for three weeks a:hao are you going there? b:by train a:hello c:...+阅读
一、前缀 除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如: appear出现→disappear消失 correct正确的→incorrect不正确的 lead带领→mislead领错 stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。
例如: alone单独的 antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表 cooperate合作enjoy使高兴 internet互联网reuse再用 subway地铁telephone电话
二、后缀 英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。
例如: differ不同于→difference区别 write写→writer作家 Japan日本→Japanese日本人 act表演→actress女演员 mouth口→mouthful一口 music音乐→musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。例如: wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化 pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到 organ→organize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al, -able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。
例如: nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的 America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的 gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的 child孩子→childish孩子气的 snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如: angry生气的→angrily生气地 to到→towards朝……,向…… east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。
例如: six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六 four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
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