有关英语的语法总结

[英语初级语法总结]一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示＂在……中＂，＂在……内＂。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子...+阅读

一.定语从句特殊结构 There are many desks,most of whick are broken.（也可写作 of whick most are broken.） There are fifty students,half of whom are girls.（也可写作 of whom half……） He is a teacher,most of whose students have been abroad.(of whose students most ……) 注：在这一结构中 “of”后可能出现“which”“whom”“whose”等+n. She has three children,two of whom are girls. There are ten books in his bag,the thickest of which is an English book. He is a father,the older of whose children is a teacher. 注：在这一结构中，“of”前可能出现“不定代词”“数词”“比较级”“最高级”等 ※“of”前后可以换位如：He is a teacher,of whose students most have been abroad. 二.非限定性定语从句 ①.连接词有7个，就是不能用“that” ②.“非限定从”指全部，按先后顺序翻译 I know his father,who is a teacher.（我认识他的爸爸，是一个医生） He is a teacher,who has been to many places.（他的职业是教室，曾经去过很多地方） ③.“... ，which + 从句”有时没有先行词，指前面整个一句话 He has passed the exam,which made his parents happy. （此处which代替前面画线句子译成：他通过考试这件事使他父母十分高兴）三.定语从句连接词“whose”的用法 ①.只要定从中缺定语，一般都用“whose”，不考虑指人还是指物 I know the boy,whose father is a teacher.（此处whose 代替 boy's） He lives in a small room,whose door faces (to the) north. （此处whose 代替 room's） ②.有时定从中缺定语，但是因为没有明确的隶属关系，连接词不用whose，而用which Tom came to China in 1982,by which time he began to speak Chinese. 四.“There be”句型定语形式 ①.后+doing 表示“在...” There are two students standing at the school gate. （有两个学生正站在学校门口） ②.后+done 表示“被...” There is some water left in the bottle. （瓶里就剩不点水了）注：remain 作定语，只用v-ing形式 eg:There is some water remaining in the bottle. ③.后+to do 表示“要...” There is much homework to do every day. （每天有一大堆作业要做）五.that 与 the one 替代名词时的区别当后边有其它介词作定语或者有定语从句时，只用“the one” I don't know the man,but I know the one beside him. I don't like this coat,but I like the one which is next to it. 六.the same + as 引导的定从译成“和...相同” I want to buy the same book as you have.我想买一本和你那本一样的书 He is the same man as(that) we met yesterday.他就是我们昨天见到的那个人 I find the same book as(that) you mentioned(spoke of) yesterday.我找到了你昨天提到的那本书注：引导定从的“as”在从句中作主语定语表语方式状语。

若“the same ”后的定从不缺上述成分则不能用“as” We met at the same place where he was born.（此处为地点状语）补：当强调“同一个”时，“as”可以改用“that”（如 2 3句）七.as 引导定从情况（见as用法归纳） ▲as 表示“正如...”引导定从（这种定从可放在句中任何位置多数放前）（as作为关系代词，有时在定从中作主语，会直接加动词）常见搭配：As follows,...; As is known to...,...; As is the case with...,...; As is well known to everyone, China is a developing country. As is understood,English is quite important. 八.the very 用法此处“very”作adj. 表示“恰好” 必须用在定冠词所属格后面当后边出现定从（从句缺主语或宾语）用“that”而不用“which”引导 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. 九.when 的用法引导定从时，是关系adv. ①.限定性定从 I will never forget the occassion when we played together. ②.非限定性定从 “自从届时” I stayed here until 12 o'clock, when I left. 十.situation 与 occassion 后面加定从的区别当从句缺状语，所用连接词不同 He found himself in a situation where he couldn't move. We everyone will meet the occassion when we didn't know what to do. 十一.定语从句中缺成分的各种情况 ①.定从中缺定语（连接词可省） I know the man (whom) you referred to just now. I know the subject (that) you are interested in. ②.定从中缺状语 I don't know the reason why he did't come. I went to the place where he was born. I still remember the moment when we met. ③.定从中缺主语 I know the man who talked to you just now. ④.定从中缺定语 I know the boy whose father is a teacher. 注：I stayed with them three weeks,during whick time they drank all my wine. ⑤.定从中缺表语（连接词只能用“that”或省略） He was not the man (that) he was before.