虚拟语气知识点！

[高考英语虚拟语气语法总结]虚拟语气，对过去虚拟，从句用过去完成时虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 If I were you, I'd...+阅读

虚拟语气 1）虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 2）在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 [编辑本段]三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg . If he doesn't hurry up, he will miss the bus. （真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. （真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） If I were you, I would go at once. （非真实条件状语从句） If there were no air, people would die. （非真实条件状语从句）总结就是四个字：主将从现，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。

2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 ① 表示与现在事实相反的情况（条件）从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式谓语动词用一般过去式（be用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形（过去将来时） eg. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水） If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功） ②表示与过去事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 Had+过去分词（过去完成时） Should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词（现在完成将来时） eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） ③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）从句主语例句 If+主语+ ① should+动词 ② did ③were to do （①通常与一个表示时间状语连用）其中were to do可能性最小， should/would/ could/might+动词原形 If it rained tomorrow our picnic would be put off. 万一那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。 eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。 [编辑本段]四、虚拟语气的其他用法 ①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本比不上你） b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） ②虚拟语气用在suggest（建议）、insist（坚持）、demand（要求）、order（命令）等动词后的宾语从句中。在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice ③虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百科之方式状语从句词条，已经讲的很清楚，这里就不粘贴了。

高考英语虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气，对过去虚拟，从句用过去完成时虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。 If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。虚拟语气的用法 1）虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey！祝愿你旅途愉快！ You go out！你出去！ 2）虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose，等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。 I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，＂should＂可以省略。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 3）虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

在句型＂It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ＂中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 4）虚拟语气用在状语从句中。虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。与现在事实相反的：条件从句结果从句 If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。与过去事实相反的：条件从句结果从句 If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。

He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。 If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。 If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。 If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。有关虚拟语气的几个问题： 1）有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。 Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点，她就会干的。 Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。 2）有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。 If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊。 She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。 If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。 3）虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

英语中的虚拟语气语法

虚拟语气

一、考点聚焦

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如： If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. (2)表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. (3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. (4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时（be用were） would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if，句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如： Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. (2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如： His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. (3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如： It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless. It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如： It is pity that you can't swim.

3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用

（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如： He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. (2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）或should + 动词原形，意思是“（现在）该……”。如： It's time that I picked up my daughter. It's high time we were going. (3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. (4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。 ①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如： It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door？ ②用于一些习惯表达法中。如： Would you like a cup of tea? I would rather not tell you.

虚拟语气总结

一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。三、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 四、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 ●宾语从句中的虚拟语气一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。 The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest. 三、would rather +从句在这种结构中，从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 I would rather you did this instead of me. ●主语从句中的虚拟语气一、It be + 形容词 + that ...(should)... 用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, inportant, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising .

一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。如：a pity, no wonder....

二、It be + 过去分词 + that ...(should)....

用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。

三、It is time(about time, high time)that ...（过去式动词形式或should+动词原形）....

It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.

●表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should+原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。

例：My suggestion is that weshould go there at once.

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?