What is Negotiation? - 范文无忧网

[The pros and cons of in-season negotiations]When Tom Condon drove to Indianapolis to tell Colts president Bill Polian that Peyton Manning no longer wanted to negotiate until after the season, it constitut...+阅读

In simplest terms, negotiation is a discussion between two or more disputants who are trying to work out a solution to their problem.[1] This interpersonal or inter-group process can occur at a personal level, as well as at a corporate or international (diplomatic) level. Negotiations typically take place because the parties wish to create something new that neither could do on his or her own, or to resolve a problem or dispute between them.[2] The parties acknowledge that there is some conflict of interest between them and think they can use some form of influence to get a better deal, rather than simply taking what the other side will voluntarily give them.[3] They prefer to search for agreement rather than fight openly, give in, or break off contact.When parties negotiate, they usually expect give and take. While they he interlocking goals that they cannot acplish independently, they usually do not want or need exactly the same thing.[5] This interdependence can be either win-lose or win-win in nature, and the type of negotiation that is appropriate will vary accordingly. The disputants will either attempt to force the other side to ply with their demands, to modify the opposing position and move toward promise, or to invent a solution that meets the objectives of all sides. The nature of their interdependence will he a major impact on the nat

ure of their relationship, the way negotiations are conducted, and the outes of these negotiations.

Mutual adjustment is one of the key causes of the changes that occur during a negotiation. Both parties know that they can influence the other's outes and that the other side can influence theirs. The effective negotiator attempts to understand how people will adjust and readjust their positions during negotiations, based on what the other party does and is expected to do.[7] The parties he to exchange information and make an effort to influence each other. As negotiations evolve, each side proposes changes to the other party's position and makes changes to its own. This process of give-and-take and making concessions is necessary if a settlement is to be reached. If one party makes several proposals that are rejected, and the other party makes no alternate proposal, the first party may break off negotiations. Parties typically will not want to concede too much if they do not sense that those with whom they are negotiating are willing to promise.

The parties must work toward a solution that takes into account each person's requirements and hopefully optimizes the outes for both. As they try to find their way toward agreement, the parties focus on interests, issues, and positions, and use cooperative and/or petitive processes to e to an agreement.