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英语语法中的tense voice mood是什么意思

02月07日 编辑 fanwen51.com

[国庆的英语作文要50词以上]National Day October 1st is National Day in China every year.On that day ,Chinese people are quite happy to celebrate their motherland's birthday.and most peopl...+阅读

英文中的动词最富于变化,有tense(时间),mood(语气),voice(语态),aspect(体,即动作完成程度)四种形式。动词的四种形式在大部分情况下都是配对出现的,比如,当口头或者笔头描述一个动作时,这个动作发生的时间,进行到什么地步,这个动作是主动还是被动,陈述祈使还是虚拟,关于此动作的这些性质都要展现出来(在有必要的情况下)。所以,动词是英文句法中最复杂的一个部分。在新概念二册中,很大的篇幅都和动词的这四个性质有关。

Tense即动作发生的时间,过去时,现在时,还是将来时。Voice即动作的语态,是主动进行还是被动进行。Aspect是动作的完成程度,正在进行还是已经完成了。Mood是动作的语气,陈述,祈使还是虚拟。分开来很好理解,杂糅在一起就比较复杂了。

当tense和aspect糅合在一起的时候,就有四种“现在进行”“现在完成”“现在完成”“过去完成”(将来时间暂时不予考虑,因为tense和time不一样,time有过去,现在,将来,而tense 没有将来,所谓的将来时是方便理解后来人加上去的)

1:比如当一个动作是“昨晚8点正在进行”,那么此动作就要借助助动词be来展现“过去进行”了。

2:比如当一个动作“从上周持续到现在都在进行,并且貌似还将持续下去”,那么就要借助助动词have来展现“现在完成”了。

比如一个动作“昨天已经结束了,但对今天或者未来还有影响”,那么还是要借助助动词have来展现“现在完成”。余威未了,可视为动作还在继续。

以上两种情况分别是现在完成的两个定义。

3:在现在完成的基础上,于时间轴上把动作往后推移便得出过去完成。

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