英语中虚拟语气有哪些类型

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英语中虚拟语气有哪些类型

虚拟语气就是中文中的如果，假如，就是不一定存在的

例句： 1.表示与现在事实相反 If I had enough money now , I would lend

it to you. If I were you , I would go to tell him the real feeling upon

him. 2.表示与过去事实相反 If he had taken your advice , he wouldn't have made such a

bad mistake. She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very

busy. 3.表示与将来事实相反 I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday

tomorrow. If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could

certainly achieve more. 1.虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如： Had I been(= If I had been ) in that

situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much

money. Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at

that time ? 2.错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。例如： If we hadn't been working hard in

the past few years , things wouldn't be going so smoothly. If the Party hadn 't

led the Chinese people to liberate the country,Chinese people would still live a

life in pain and poverty. 3.含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with, otherwise, without, but for, in that position

）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如： But for the help from you , I would not have had

the chance to go to college. I would never mind you making such loud noises,

but, you see, my baby is in a deep sleep. It was so quiet ; you could have

heard a pin

drop. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

英语中虚拟时态是怎样的

是虚拟语气，不是虚拟时态。

一、虚拟语气的使用范围：虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。

二、虚拟语气的判断：1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：

（1）与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。

（2）与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。

（3）与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

（1） wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。A：表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。B：表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。

（2）表示“要、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气。

（1） It be + 形容词 + that... (should)...。用于该句型的形容词有：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如： It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。

（2） It be + 过去分词 + that... (should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如：It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。

（3） It is time (about time / high time) that... + （过去时或should + 动词原形）...。例如：It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。

（4）表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。例如：My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如：If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。

英语中的虚拟语态分类

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式（be 一般用were），主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构，这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。

这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 ⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词（desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …）后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用（should） +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外，上述动词也要用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用...

if虚拟语气的三种时态是什么

在英语学谨姿习的过程中，对于大多数人来说虚拟语气都是一道难过的坎，学又老是学不会，考又一定会考，令人焦头烂额。但是虚拟语气又是一种在现实中使用得极为广泛语法点，甚至在中文中我们也会经常用到假设句，所以这次小编就来和大家一起学习一下由if引导的虚拟语气的用法吧！if句又叫条件句，表示“假如”，是状语从句的一种，是一种非常常见的从句形式，用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，拥有三种形式。①提出将来会发生的事：主句：主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句：should+动词原形/were to+动词原形eg. If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。②提出现在的条件：主句：主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句：动词过去式eg. If he studied at this school, he would know the enviornment around the school very much. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。

③提出过悄庆去的未发生的条件：主句：主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词从句：had+动词过去分祥运绝词eg. If I had read the book, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。...