英语请问时态语句语法总结

[商务英语翻译技巧绪论翻译]Preface Business English is the understanding of our business under the scenario applied to the English, in fact it is with our understanding of spoken English,...+阅读

一般现在时：一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，是初中英语语法重点。它表示1）经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2）表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3）表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前. 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1）表示动作，一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don't；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don't have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2）单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn't；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。 E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn't speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well？含有be动词的要在be上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn't a good student. Is Danny a good student？其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。学生常见错误如下：

一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring. 答案：plant 解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”一般过去时：一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say？另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen？其结构是＂主语+动词的过去式＂。be动词的过去式为was, were；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-----worked; ask------asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-----arrived; like-----liked.3）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. e.g. shop-----shopped; 4）以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed. e.g. carry----carried; study------studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的，e.g. fly------flew; break-----broke; teach-----taught. 这些需要象生单词一样记住. 其句式变化分为两种情况1）含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2）含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didn't.，同时把动词变成原形；变一般疑问句，在句首加助动词did，同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday？其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语，e.g. yesterday morning；由＂last+时间＂构成的短语， e.g. last year；由＂时间段+ago＂构成的短语， e.g. three days ago；另外，还有on the morning of Monday, just now等，以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意，在宾语从句中主句为过去，一般从句也为过去.一般将来时：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. 其结构有如下几种： 1)will + 动词原形（will可以用于任何人称）需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall，特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中，一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +动词原形 3）现在进行时也可表示将来，前边已经讲过，这里不在重复. 第一种结构的句式变化是：变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days？第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom？其时间状语有如下几种 1)this引导的短语如 this year 2)tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning 3)next引导的短语如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。现在进行时：现在进行时表示

1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is readi...